Melissa officinalis
Lemon balm is often used as a flavouring in ice cream and herbal teas, both hot and iced, often in combination with other herbs such asspearmint. It is also frequently paired with fruit dishes or candies. It can be used in fish dishes and is the key ingredient in lemon balm pesto. It might be a better, healthier preservative than butylated hydroxy anisole in sausages.
Uses in traditional and alternative medicine Lemon balm is the main ingredient of Carmelite Water, which is still for sale in German pharmacies.
Lemon balm essential oil is very popular in aromatherapy. The essential oil is commonly codistilled with lemon oil, citronella oil, or other oils.
Research into possible effects on humans
High doses of purified lemon balm extracts were found to be effective in the amelioration of laboratory-induced stress in human subjects, producing "significantly increased self-ratings of calmness and reduced self-ratings of alertness." The authors further report a "significant increase in the speed of mathematical processing, with no reduction in accuracy" following the administration of a 300-mg dose of extract.
Lemon balm is believed to inhibit the absorption of the thyroid medication thyroxine.
Recent research found a daily dose of the tea reduced oxidative stress status in radiology staff who were exposed to persistent low-dose radiation during work. After only 30 days of taking the tea daily, consuming lemon balm tea resulted in a significant improvement isuperoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and a marked reduction in plasma DNA damage, myeloperoxidase, and lipid peroxidation.
The crushed leaves, when rubbed on the skin, are used as a mosquito repellent.
Lemon balm is also used medicinally as an herbal tea, or in extract form. It is used as an anxiolytic, mild sedative, or calming agent. At least one study has found it to be effective at reducing stress, although the study's authors call for further research. Lemon balm extract was identified as a potent in vitro inhibitor of GABA transaminase, which explains anxiolytic effects. The major compound responsible for GABA transaminase inhibition activity in lemon balm was then found to be rosmarinic acid.
Lemon balm and preparations thereof also have been shown to improve mood and mental performance. These effects are believed to involve muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.] Positive results have been achieved in a small clinical trial involving Alzheimer patients with mild to moderate symptoms.] Essential oils obtained from Melissa officinalis leaf showed high acetylcholinesterase andbutyrylcholinesterase co-inhibitory activities.
Its antibacterial properties have also been demonstrated scientifically, although they are markedly weaker than those from a number of other plants studied.The extract of lemon balm was also found to have exceptionally high antioxidant activity.
Lemon balm is mentioned in the scientific journal Endocrinology, where it is explained that Melissa officinalis exhibits antithyrotropic activity, inhibiting TSH from attaching to TSH recepto

著名的西洋藥草師 Paracelsus在其藥典即有記述香蜂草。歐美以香蜂草為基底的加爾慕羅水(Carmelite water),迄今仍為法國人夏日之日常飲料。在歐美將乾燥之香蜂草葉片煮成之茶飲為著名之Melissa Tea,被使用為感冒時解熱用途。香蜂草能助人放鬆心情,促進消化,自古至今,都是希臘人常用的藥草之一。在以前,它的效果就已經被證實,所以法蘭克王國的卡爾大帝便下了命令:要求各修道院的庭院都要種植香蜂草。

英名:Balm/Lemon balm
學名:Melissa officinalis
屬於唇形花科多年生草本植物。
原產溫帶的中東地區,隨後迅速遍及亞洲及地中海國家。目前原生於北美與歐洲地區。Melissa屬植物廣泛分佈於歐洲、中 亞和北美。
香蜂草萃取之精油屬高級之香精原料,化學成分包括:檸檬醛,沈香醇,香葉醇,香茅醛,薄荷烯酮(piperitone),
methone及丁子香烯氧化物(或稱丁子香酚;caryophyllene oxide;eugenol)等。
- 香蜂草精油有非常好的安神功效;也是最常用來治療過敏的精油之一,治療皮膚或呼吸道方面過敏症都很有效,與德國洋甘菊精油功效同樣顯著。心理療效:香蜂草精油氣味使人鎮靜並娛悅振奮,用於憂鬱症及焦慮等所致的身心症與自律神經失調。
- 歷史
學名中的Melissa在希臘文為「蜜蜂」之意,另Balm為Balsam之簡寫,即香油之意,故稱為「香蜂草」
古希臘羅馬人認為香蜂草為月 神與獵神黛安娜之化身,將其視為重要植物,栽培於寺廟周圍,吸引蜂群製造蜂蜜,作為糖份來源。
香蜂草常出現於歐美神話及史籍中,希臘神話中最著名的例子就是當宙斯的母親不在時,蜜蜂就會以吃香蜂草的蜜蜂釀成的蜜餵宙斯。
歐洲人相信香蜂草可以提升能量,趕走悲傷。民間傳說在門口種植香蜂草可以避邪;用它所畫出的圖,還可以吸引蜜蜂;十一世紀的阿拉伯藥草師認為它具有可以令人的頭腦和心靈變得快活的魔力。清爽香甜的口感,適合在感冒時及流汗的夏天飲用,可增進食慾、促進消化,飯前飯後皆宜。用來取代檸檬調味,香蜂草清香的檸檬味最能增進食慾,卻沒有檸檬的酸勁,適合佐入各式各樣的菜色及甜點。如檸檬般清香,可去除頭痛、腹痛、牙痛,有止痛的效果,調理呼吸系統疾病,穩定情緒;並有助於治療支氣管炎以及消化系統疾病。飄著淡淡檸檬香的香蜂草總是帶給人類快樂和激勵,讓人青春活躍。據說英國威爾斯得一位王爵----魯爾林,活到一百零八歲,他的養生秘訣就是每天早晨喝杯香蜂草茶。
適宜搭配:單泡,適宜搭配綠茶。
許多醫典中記載它對心臟、血管的幫助很大,尤其阿拉伯文的醫經中可以找到香蜂草對抗憂鬱以及治療心髒病的紀錄。
將香蜂草的功效發揮到極至的是英國人。在英國的伊莉莎白皇家草藥園,香蜂草被歸為“必須”種會的一各草藥,幾世紀以來,是英國極普遍的一種家庭必備草藥;現在還有製作香蜂草釀的酒。在法國,邊僧侶都將它研發出消毒不、古龍水,總之,它在英、法兩國被用在醫療上、食物上,甚至日常生活中。 相宜精油:洋甘菊、乳蠔、天竺葵精油、茉莉、杜松子、薰衣草精油、橙花精油、綠花白千層、甜橙、伊蘭伊蘭精油。
一位著名的瑞士醫生帕拉切爾蘇斯(Paracelsus)管香蜂草叫「生命的萬靈丹」,毫無疑問的是它有安定心臟的作用,在古代許多醫學書籍中記載它對心臟及血管方面的功效很大,在阿拉伯文的醫經裡也記載到香蜂草對抗憂鬱和治療心臟病的紀錄。在依莉莎白女王時代,香蜂草的葉子被拿來釀酒,又被用以磨亮傢俱,幾世紀以來香蜂草是英國極為普遍的家庭必備草藥。
- 生殖系統:
與女性的生殖系統有很密切的關係,可使經其規律,舒緩經痛。它調節子宮的作用,有助於某些不易受孕的症狀。
因為它能規律經期,所以避免在懷孕期間使用,也可能刺激敏感肌膚。
調經/按摩:植物油20ml+香蜂草4滴+天竺葵4滴+羅勒4滴。
根據國外分析報告指出植株之化學成分含檸檬醛(Citral)、沈香醇(linalool), 香葉醇(geraniol)、香茅醛(citronellal)、帖酸(terpenic acid)、單寧、聚合多酚類,類黃素及三帖(triterpenes)等成分。其藥理作用為具驅風性、抗痙攣、胃痛、發汗和鎮靜作用等。毒性作用報告指 出適當使用無安全性之虞,但孕婦禁用。每日鮮葉用量以不超過10公克為宜。
這種植物含水量異常的高,而精油的含量只有非常的微量,必需收集非常多的香蜂草才能生產微量的精油,是非常難萃取的精油,通常需要六、七公噸才能生產出一公斤的香蜂草精油,因此在價格上非常之高昂,很多不肖商人會將檸檬香茅、檸檬或檸檬馬鞭草等植物精油摻入或取代香蜂草精油。
除了德國洋甘菊,香蜂草精油是最常用來治療過敏的精油之一,不論是治療皮膚或呼吸道的過敏症都很有療效。有些人的病症用洋甘菊精油無法顯著改善,而改用香蜂草精油會出現驚人的效果。低濃度的香蜂草精油治療濕疹和其他皮膚問題的效果非常卓越的。它具有平順和調節月經週期的功能,可以幫助調節婦女排卵的週期、幫助降血壓,還可以使過速呼吸和心跳平靜下來。這使得它成為治療休克或驚悸的良方。吸入香蜂草精油的蒸汽,可以緩解氣喘和咳嗽。香蜂草精油對於心理和生理方面都有很好的撫慰效果。它對情緒和心理的影響,反映出它對身體的作用,它具有撫順和鎮定的功能,但也有佛手柑精油的振奮功效,可使心靈歡愉。
用香蜂草精油來處理皮膚病症時要特別小心,因為它很容易引起皮膚過敏。在按摩油中,香蜂草精油的濃度不要高於1%,而洗澡水中,稀釋三至四滴香蜂草精油為最高的安全劑量。用這樣的稀釋標準比較不會出現問題。它可當作清香劑或驅蟲劑,與檸檬和檸檬香茅精油有同樣的功效 。


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